| Name | Dates | Works | Notes |
| Sexwulf | c. 654–c. 676 | Founder. Bishop of Mercia c. 676 ?x692. |
| Cuthbald | c. 676 |
| Egbald | before 716 |
| Pusa |
| Botwine | ?x765–779x? |
| Beonna | ?x789–805x? |
| Ceolred |
| Hedda | 870 |
| Ealdwulf | 972-992 | Archbishop of York, 995-1002. |
| Cenwulf | 992-1006 | Built wall around the abbey. | Bishop of Winchester, 1006. |
| lfsige | 1006 1042 | Accompanied thelred the Unready and Emma to Normandy in 1013. |
| Earnwig | 1042 1052 | A "very good man and very sincere", he "resigned although still in good health". |
| Leofric | 1057 1066 | Endowed the monastery "so that it became known as 'Golden Borough'". |
| Brand | 1066 1069 |
| Thorold/Torold de F camp | 1069 1098 | Viewed the abbey as a source of personal wealth for himself and his associates with his enfeoffments accounting for 46% of the abbey's property. |
| Godric | 4 days in 1099 |
| Matthias | 1103 1104 |
| Ernulf | 1107 1114 | Began a building campaign. | Bishop of Rochester, 1115. He was influential in restoring the abbey's finances. |
| John de S ez | 1114 1125 | Continued the building work and, though in 1116 a great fire caused considerable damage, rebuilding began in 1117. |
| Abbey held by King Henry I | 1125 1127 | | |
| Henry de Angeli | 1128 1133 | Did nothing towards the rebuilding. | He wasted the goods of the abbey and was banished. |
| Martin de Bec | 1133 1155 | Continued construction works. | Formerly a monk of Bec and prior of St Neots. |
| William of Waterville | 1155 1175 | | Deposed |
| Benedict | 1177 1194 | | Chronicler. |
| Andrew | 1194 1199 | West front. | |
| Acharius | 1200 1210 | West front. | |
| Robert of Lindsey | 1214 1222 | | |
| Alexander of Holderness | 1222 1226 | | |
| Martin of Ramsey | 1226 1233 | | |
| Walter of Bury St. Edmunds | 1233 1245 | Abbot at the time of the building's final completion through the solemn dedication of the church on 6, October 1238. | |
| William of Hotoft | 1246 1249 | | |
| John de Caux | 1250 1262 | | |
| Robert of Sutton | 1262 1273 | | |
| Richard of London | 1274 1295 | | |
| William of Woodford | 1295 1299 | | |
| Godfrey of Crowland | 1299 1321 | A chapel of St Thomas of Canterbury was built between the church and the Lady Chapel. | |
| Adam of Boothby | 1321 1338 | | |
| Henry of Morcott | 1338 1353 | | |
| Robert of Ramsey | 1353 1361 | | |
| Henry of Overton | 1361 1391 | | |
| Nicholas of Elmstow | 1391 1396 | | |
| William Genge | 1397 1408 | | |
| John Deeping | 1409 1439 | | |
| Richard Ashton | 1439 1471 | | |
| William Ramsey | 1471 1496 | | |
| Robert Kirton | 1496 1528 | The latest part of the church, and the only ever enlargement of the eastern arm, the square ended building at the east known as "the new building". | |
| John Chambers | 1528 1539 | | Rewarded for complicity during the Dissolution with being made first bishop of Peterborough - care for the former abbey church, which became the bishop's cathedral, passed to the dean of Peterborough. |
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