Abe () is one of several Japanese surnames ( , , ) and can refer to:

• The Abe clan, one of the oldest Japanese clans, which was particularly prominent in the Heian period
• Asami Abe (born 1985), Japanese J-pop singer
• Hiroshi Abe (actor) (born 1964), Japanese model and actor
• Hiroshi Abe (astronomer), Japanese astronomer
• Juran Hisao (born Masao Abe; 1902–1957), Japanese author
• Kan Abe (1894 1946), Japanese politician, father of Shintaro Abe
• Kazushige Abe (born 1968), Japanese author
• Keigo Abe (born 1938), Senior Shotokan karate instructor
• Keiko Abe (born 1937), Japanese composer and virtuoso marimba player
• Kenshiro Abbe (born Kenshir Abe; 1915–1985), a Japanese martial artist in the United Kingdom
• K b Abe (born Kimifusa Abe; 1924–1993), Japanese author
• Mao Abe (born 1990), Japanese singer
• Masao Abe (1915-2006), Japanese academic in Buddhist philosophy and comparative religion
• Masashi Abe (born 1965), Japanese Nordic combined skier
• Abe no Nakamaro, a scholar, administrator, and waka poet in the Nara period
• Natsumi Abe (born 1981), Japanese J-pop singer
• Nobuyuki Abe (1875–1953), 36th Prime Minister of Japan
• Norick Abe (1975-2007), Japanese motorcycle road racer
• Sada Abe (1905–after 1970), Japanese convicted murderess, prostitute, actress
• Sadao Abe (born 1970), Japanese actor
• Satoru Abe (born 1926), American sculptor
• Abe no Seimei, an onmy ji, a leading specialist of onmy d during the middle of the Heian Period in Japan
• Shintaro Abe (1924–1991), Japanese politician, father of Shinzo
• Shinz Abe (born 1954), 90th Prime Minister of Japan
• Tokiharu Abe (1911-1996), a Japanese ichthyologist.
• Tomoji Abe (1903–1973), Japanese novelist
• Kae Araki, (born Yoshie Abe, 1963), Japanese seiyu (voice actor)
• Yoshitoshi Abe (born 1971), Japanese graphic artist
• Yoshiyuki Abe (born 1969), Japanese professional cyclist
• Yuki Abe (born 1981), Japanese international football (association) player
• Yumiko Abe (born 1979), Japanese professional wrestler
• Yutaka Abe (1895-1977), Japanese film director

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