Afer may refer to:

• Afer, an individual of the Afri tribe after which the continent of Africa is probably named
• Afer, a Roman cognomen in reference to Africa; see below for some examples of people with this name. See also list of Roman cognomina.
• Afer ventus, another name for Lips, the Roman deity of the southwest wind. See Anemoi.
• The Afer pigeon (Columba unicincta)
• A song on the 1991 Enya album Shepherd Moons

As an acronym

• Air Force Expeditionary Service Ribbon
• American Foundation for Equal Rights
• Association Fran aise d'Epargne et de Retraite
• Autoritea Feroviara Romana, the Romanian Railway Authority. See Rail transport in Romania

People

• Antonius Guilelmus Amo Afer (1703 c.1759), alternate name for Anton Wilhelm Amo, Ghanaian-German academic
• Arnobius Afer (d. 4th century), also Arnobius the Elder, Roman rhetorician in the province of Africa
• Domitius Afer (d. 60), Roman orator
• Gaius Marius Victorinus Afer (4th cent.), also Gaius Marius Victorinus, Roman grammarian and rhetorician
• Publius Aelius Hadrianus Afer, father of the Roman emperor Hadrian
• Publius Terentius Afer (d. 159 BC), Roman comic playwright better known as Terence

Scientific names of organisms

All named because the species is native to Africa.

• Cinnyris afer, Greater Double-collared Sunbird
• Euplectes afer, Yellow-crowned Bishop
• Francolinus afer, Red-necked Francolin
• Nilaus afer, Brubru
• Orycteropus afer, aardvark
• Papyrocranus afer , Reticulate Knifefish
• Parus afer, Southern Grey Tit, also classified as Melaniparus afer
• Ptilostomus afer, piapiac
• Turtur afer, Blue-spotted Wood Dove
• Afer, a genus of gastropods in the family of true whelks (Buccinidae)

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