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Against Apion (lat. Contra Apionem or In Apionem) was a polemical work written by Flavius Josephus as a defense of Judaism as a classical religion and philosophy, stressing its antiquity against what he perceived as more recent traditions of the Greeks. Text Against Apion 1:8 also defines which books he viewed as being in the Jewish Scriptures: Some anti-Semitic allegations attributed by Josephus to Apion (who Josephus states is not Greek), and myths as old as Manetho's are exposed there as well, though there was apparently some confusion between Manetho's references to the Hyksos and the Hebrews. Assuming that Josephus was completely familiar with Manetho's points, Manetho may have simply written a blanket condemnation of all Semitic peoples. The Hyksos were possibly Semites of Western Asian origin. Their exact ethnic or national identity is unknown. Josephus on Apion's blood libel (Against Apion 2:8): References External links bg: de: ber die Urspr nglichkeit des Judentums es:Contra Api n fr:Contre Apion he:
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