Artaxerxes () may refer to:

The throne name of several Achaemenid rulers of the 1st Persian Empire:

• Artaxerxes I of Persia (died 424 BC), Artaxerxes I Longimanus, r. 465 424 BC, son and successor of Xerxes I
• Artaxerxes II of Persia (436 BC 358 BC), Artaxerxes II Memnon, r. 404 358 BC, son and successor of Darius II
• Artaxerxes III of Persia (425 BC 338 BC), Artaxerxes III Ochus, r. 358 338 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes II
• Arses of Persia (died 336 BC), Artaxerxes IV Arses, r. 338 336 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes III
• Bessus (died 329 BC), Artaxerxes V Bessus, r. 330 329 BC, nobleman who seized the throne from Darius III

Artaxerxes may also refer to:

• Artaxerxes (opera), an opera by Thomas Arne
• Middle Persian Ardashir, which descends from Old Persian Artax ac , and is the name of several Sassanid rulers

In fiction:

• The wizard Artaxerxes is a prominent character in Tolkien (1892 1973)'s novel Roverandom

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