August 3 in Encyclopedia

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August 3

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Events

8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats Dalmatae on the river Bathinus.
435 – Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt.
881 – Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu: Louis III of France defeats the Vikings, an event celebrated in the poem Ludwigslied.
1031 – Olaf II of Norway is canonised as Saint Olaf by Grimketel, the English Bishop of Selsey.
1492 – Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos de la Frontera, Spain.
1527 – The first known letter from North America is sent by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland.
1601 – Long War: Austria captures Transylvania in the Battle of Gurusl u.
1645 – Thirty Years' War: the Second Battle of N rdlingen sees French forces defeating those of the Holy Roman Empire.
1678 – Robert LaSalle builds the Le Griffon, the first known ship built on the Great Lakes.
1783 – Mount Asama erupts in Japan, killing 35,000 people.
1811 – First ascent of Jungfrau, third highest summit in the Bernese Alps by brothers Johann Rudolf and Hieronymus Meyer.
1852 – Harvard wins the first Boat Race between Yale and Harvard. The race is also the first American intercollegiate athletic event
1860 – The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.
1900 – The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company is founded.
1903 – Macedonian rebels in Kru evo proclaim the Kru evo Republic, which exists only for 10 days before Ottoman Turks lay waste to the town.
1907 – Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis fines Standard Oil of Indiana a record $29.4 million for illegal rebating to freight carriers; the conviction and fine are later reversed on appeal.
1913 – A major labour dispute, known as the Wheatland Hop Riot, starts in Wheatland, California.
1914 – World War I: Germany declares war against France.
1921 – Major League Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis confirms the ban of the eight Chicago Black Sox, the day after they were acquitted by a Chicago court.
1929 – Jiddu Krishnamurti, tapped to be the messianic "World Teacher", shocks the Theosophy movement by dissolving the Order of the Star, the organisation built to support him.
1934 – Adolf Hitler becomes the supreme leader of Germany by joining the offices of President and Chancellor into F hrer.
1936 – Jesse Owens wins the 100 meter dash, defeating Ralph Metcalfe, at the Berlin Olympics.
1936 – A fire wipes out Kursha-2 in the Meshchera Lowlands, Ryazan Oblast, Russia, killing 1,200 and leaving only 20 survivors.
1940 – World War II: Italian forces begin the invasion of British Somaliland.
1946 – Santa Claus Land, the world's first themed amusement park, opens in Santa Claus, Indiana, US.
1948 – Whittaker Chambers accuses Alger Hiss of being a communist and a spy for the Soviet Union.
1949 – The National Basketball Association is founded in the United States.
1958 – The nuclear submarine travels beneath the Arctic ice cap.
1959 – Portugal's state police force PIDE fires upon striking workers in Bissau, Portuguese Guinea, killing over 50 people.
1960 – Niger gains independence from France.
1972 – The United States Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
1975 – A privately chartered Boeing 707 crashes into the mountainside near Agadir, Morocco, killing 188.
1977 – The United States Senate begins its hearing on Project MKULTRA.
1981 – Senegalese opposition parties, under the leadership of Mamadou Dia, launch the Antiimperialist Action Front-Suxxali Reew Mi.
1997 – Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre in Algeria; a total of 116 villagers killed, 40 in Oued El-Had and 76 in Mezouara.
2001 – The Real IRA detonates a car bomb in Ealing, London, United Kingdom injuring seven people.
2004 – The pedestal of the Statue of Liberty reopens after being closed since the September 11 attacks.
2005 – President of Mauritania Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya is overthrown in a military coup while attending the funeral of King Fahd in Saudi Arabia.
2005 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad becomes President of Iran.
2007 – Former Deputy Director of the Chilean secret police Ra l Iturriaga is captured after having been on the run following a conviction for kidnapping.
2010 – Widespread rioting erupts in Karachi, Pakistan, after the assassination of a local politician, leaving at least 85 dead and at least 17 billion Pakistani rupees (US$200 million) in damage.

Births

1509 – tienne Dolet, French scholar (d. 1546)
1692 – John Henley, English clergyman (d. 1759)
1734 – Naungdawgyi, King of Burma (d. 1763)
1770 – King Frederick William III of Prussia (d. 1840)
1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener (d. 1865)
1808 – Hamilton Fish, American politician (d. 1893)
1811 – Elisha Otis, American inventor (d. 1861)
1817 – Archduke Albert, Austrian general (d. 1895)
1832 – Ivan Zajc, Croatian composer (d. 1914)
1850 – Reginald Heber Roe, Australian academic and educator (d. 1926)
1855 – Joe Hunter, English cricketer (d. 1891)
1856 – Alfred Deakin, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1919)
1860 – William Kennedy Dickson, France-born Scottish inventor (d. 1935)
1863 – G za G rdonyi, Hungarian writer and journalist (d. 1922)
1867 – Stanley Baldwin, English politician (d. 1947)
1872 – King Haakon VII of Norway (d. 1957)
1887 – Rupert Brooke, English poet (d. 1915)
1894 – Harry Heilmann, American baseball player (d. 1951)
1895 – Neva Morris, Iowa's oldest person (d. 2010)
1895 – Marguerite Nichols, American actress (d. 1941)
1899 – Louis Chiron, Monegasque race car driver (d. 1979)
1900 – Ernie Pyle, American war correspondent (d. 1945)
1900 – John T. Scopes, American teacher and evolutionist (d. 1970)
1901 – Stefan Wyszy ski, Polish Catholic cardinal (d. 1981)
1901 – John C Stennis, American politician (d. 1995)
1902 – Regina Jonas, German rabbi (d. 1944)
1903 – Habib Bourguiba, Tunisian politician (d. 2000)
1904 – Clifford D. Simak, American writer (d. 1988)
1905 – Dolores del R o, Mexican actress (d. 1983)
1905 – Franz K nig, Austrian Cardinal (d. 2004)
1907 – Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil (d. 1996)
1907 – Lawrence Brown, American jazz trombonist (d. 1988)
1909 – Walter Van Tilburg Clark, American novelist (d. 1971)
1911 – Alex McCrindle, Scottish actor (d. 1990)
1913 – Mel Tolkin, Ukrainian television comedy writer (d. 2007)
1915 – Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician and Nisga'a statesman (d. 2006)
1915 – Pete Newell, American basketball coach (d. 2008)
1916 – Shakeel Badayuni, Indian poet and lyricist (d. 1970)
1916 – Jos Manuel Moreno, Argentine footballer (d. 1978)
1917 – Les Elgart, American jazz trumpeter and bandleader (d. 1995)
1918 – Sidney Gottlieb, American CIA official (d. 1999)
1918 – Larry Haines, American actor (d. 2008)
1920 – P. D. James, English novelist
1920 – Charlie Shavers, American trumpet player (d. 1971)
1920 – Elmar Tamp ld, Estonian-born Canadian architect
1921 – Marilyn Maxwell, American actress (d. 1972)
1921 – Richard Adler, American lyricist and composer
1921 – Hayden Carruth, American poet and literary critic (d. 2008)
1923 – Shenouda III of Alexandria, Pope of Coptic Christianity
1923 – Jean Hagen, American film and TV actress (d. 1977)
1924 – Leon Uris, American novelist (d. 2003)
1925 – Marv Levy, American football coach
1926 – Tony Bennett, American singer
1926 – Anthony Sampson, British journalist (d. 2004)
1927 – Gordon Scott, American actor (d. 2007)
1928 – C cile Aubry, French actress (d. 2010)
1928 – Henning Moritzen, Danish actor
1933 – Pat Crawford, Australian cricketer
1934 – William Calhoun, American professional wrestler (d. 1989)
1934 – Jonas Savimbi, Angolan political leader (d. 2002)
1934 – Michael Chapman, British classical bassoonist (d. 2005)
1935 – Georgi Shonin, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1997)
1935 – Vic Vogel, Canadian pianist, composer and bandleader
1937 – Steven Berkoff, English actor
1937 – Roland Burris, American politician
1937 – Duncan Sharpe, Pakistani cricketer
1938 – Terry Wogan, Irish television presenter
1939 – Jimmie Nicol, English musician
1939 – Apoorva Sengupta, Indian cricketer
1940 – Lance Alworth, American football player
1940 – Martin Sheen, American actor
1940 – James Tyler, American musicologist and author (d. 2010)
1941 – Beverly Lee, American singer (Shirelles)
1941 – Martha Stewart, American media personality
1943 – B la Bollob s, Hungarian-born British mathematician
1944 – Nino Bravo, Spanish singer (d. 1973)
1945 – Eamon Dunphy, Irish footballer
1946 – Jack Straw, British politician
1946 – Syreeta Wright, American singer and songwriter (d. 2004)
1946 – John York, American bass player
1948 – Jean-Pierre Raffarin, French politician
1949 – Philip Casnoff, American actor
1949 – B. B. Dickerson, American bass player & song writer
1950 – John Landis, American film director
1950 – Jo Marie Payton, American actress
1951 – Marcel Dionne, Canadian ice hockey player
1951 – Jay North, American actor
1952 – Osvaldo Ardiles, Argentine footballer
1952 – Loles Le n, Spanish actress
1953 – Ian Bairnson, Scottish musician
1954 – Gary Peters, English footballer
1955 – Corey Burton, American voice actor
1956 – Balwinder Sandhu, Indian cricketer
1956 – Kirk Brandon, English musician
1957 – Bodo Rudwaleit, East German footballer
1958 – Ana Kokkinos, Australian film director
1958 – Lambert Wilson, French actor
1959 – John C. McGinley, American actor
1959 – Martin Atkins, English drummer (Public Image Ltd., Ministry, Killing Joke)
1959 – Mike Gminski, American basketball player
1959 – Koichi Tanaka, Japanese engineer and chemist, Nobel laureate
1960 – Tim Mayotte, American tennis player
1960 – Gopal Sharma, Indian cricketer
1961 – Lee Rocker, American musician (Stray Cats)
1961 – Molly Hagan, American actress
1963 – James Hetfield, American vocalist and guitarist (Metallica)
1963 – Ed Roland, American vocalist (Collective Soul)
1963 – Isaiah Washington, American actor
1963 – Lisa Ann Walter, American actress
1964 – Lucky Dube, South African reggae vocalist and keyboardist (d. 2007)
1964 – Nate McMillan, American basketball player and coach
1964 – Abhisit Vejjajiva, Thai politician
1966 – Brent Butt, Canadian actor
1966 – Eric Esch, American boxer
1967 – Mathieu Kassovitz, French film director and screenwriter
1967 – Deborah Anne Dyer, aka Skin, singer and model
1968 – Rod Beck, American baseball player (d. 2007)
1969 – Doug Overton, American basketball player
1970 – Masahiro Sakurai, Japanese video game developer
1970 – Stephen Carpenter, American guitarist (Deftones)
1970 – Manmohan Waris, Indian Punjabi singer
1971 – Forbes Johnston, Scottish footballer (d. 2007)
1971 – Deidra Muriel Roper, American DJ and rapper, known as DJ Spinderella
1972 – Sandis Ozoli , Latvian ice hockey player
1972 – Erika Marozs n, Hungarian actress
1973 – Jay Cutler, American bodybuilder
1973 – Nikos Dabizas, Greek footballer
1973 – Michael Ealy, American actor
1975 – Argiro Strataki, Greek heptathlete
1976 – Troy Glaus, American baseball player
1977 – Tom Brady, American football player
1977 – T mas Lemarquis, Icelandic actor
1977 – scar Pereiro, Spanish cyclist
1978 – Joi Chua, Singaporean singer
1978 – Mariusz Jop, Polish footballer
1978 – Dimitrios Zografakis, Greek footballer
1979 – Evangeline Lilly, Canadian model and actress
1980 – Nadia Ali, Pakistani-American singer
1980 – Dominic Moore, Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Tony Pashos, American football player
1980 – Brandan Schieppati, American singer (Bleeding Through)
1981 – Pablo Ib ez, Spanish footballer
1982 – Jesse Lumsden, Canadian bobsledder and football player
1983 – Ryan Carter, American ice hockey player
1983 – Mamie Gummer, American actress
1983 – Mark Reynolds, American baseball player
1984 – Jon Foster, American actor
1984 – Yasin Avci, Danish footballer
1984 – Sunil Chetri, Indian footballer
1984 – Ryan Lochte, American swimmer
1984 – Chris Maurer, American musician
1985 – Sonny Bill Williams, New Zealand rugby league footballer
1985 – Holly Blake-Arnstein, American singer and dancer
1986 – Charlotte Casiraghi, Monegasque royalty
1987 – Kim Hyung Joon, Korean singer (SS501)
1988 – Denny Cardin, Italian footballer
1988 – Leigh Tiffin, American football player
1989 – Jules Bianchi, French racing driver
1990 – Jourdan Dunn, British fashion model
1992 – Karlie Kloss, American model
1993 – Yurina Kumai, Japanese singer (Berryz Kobo)

Deaths

1460 – King James II of Scotland (b. 1430)
1527 – Scaramuccia Trivulzio, Italian cardinal
1546 – Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect (b. 1484)
1546 – tienne Dolet, French scholar and printer (b. 1509)
1604 – Bernardino de Mendoza, Spanish diplomat
1621 – Guillaume du Vair, French writer (b. 1556)
1667 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss sculptor and architect (b. 1599)
1712 – Joshua Barnes, English scholar (b. 1654)
1720 – Anthonie Heinsius, Dutch statesman (b. 1641)
1721 – Grinling Gibbons, Dutch-born English woodcarver (b. 1648)
1761 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German classical scholar (b. 1691)
1773 – Stanis aw Konarski, Polish writer (b. 1700)
1780 – tienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (b. 1715)
1792 – Sir Richard Arkwright, English industrialist and inventor (b. 1732)
1797 – Jeffrey Amherst, British military commander (b. 1717)
1805 – Christopher Anstey, English writer (b. 1724)
1835 – Wenzel M ller, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1767)
1839 – Dorothea von Schlegel, German novelist (b. 1763)
1857 – Eug ne Sue, French novelist (b. 1804)
1866 – G bor Klauz l, Hungarian politician (b. 1804)
1867 – Philipp August B ckh, German scholar and antiquarian (b. 1785)
1877 – William Butler Ogden, American politician, 1st Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)
1879 – Joseph Severn, English painter (b. 1793)
1916 – Sir Roger Casement, Irish rebel (hanged) (b. 1864)
1917 – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, German mathematician (b. 1849)
1924 – Joseph Conrad, Polish-born British writer (b. 1857)
1925 – William Bruce, Australian cricketer (b. 1864)
1929 – Emile Berliner, German-born American telephone and recording pioneer (b. 1851)
1929 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist (b. 1857)
1942 – Richard Willst tter, German chemist, Nobel Laureate (b. 1872)
1949 – Ignotus, Hungarian editor and writer (b. 1869)
1954 – Colette, French writer (b. 1873)
1958 – Peter Collins, English race car driver (b. 1931)
1964 – Flannery O'Connor, American writer (b. 1925)
1966 – Lenny Bruce, American comedian (b. 1925)
1971 – Ernst Eklund, Swedish actor (b. 1882)
1972 – Giannis Papaioannou, Turkey-born Greek musician and composer (b. 1913)
1973 – Richard Marshall, U.S. Army general (b. 1895)
1975 – Andreas Embirikos, Greek poet and photographer (b. 1901)
1977 – Alfred Lunt, American actor (b. 1892)
1977 – Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (b. 1913)
1979 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Laureate (b. 1899)
1979 – Angelos Terzakis, Greek writer (b. 1907)
1983 – Carolyn Jones, American actress (b. 1930)
1990 – Betty Amann, German-born American actress (b. 1905)
1993 – Chinmayananda, Indian Vedanta Swami (b. 1916)
1995 – Ida Lupino, English actress and director (b. 1914)
1995 – Edward Whittemore, American writer (b. 1933)
1996 – J rgen Garde, Danish admiral (b. 1939)
1997 – Pietro Rizzuto, Canadian politician (b. 1934)
1998 – Alfred Schnittke, Russian composer (b. 1934)
1999 – Byron Farwell, American military historian (b. 1921)
2001 – Christopher Hewett, British actor (b. 1922)
2002 – Carmen Silvera, British actress (b. 1922)
2003 – Roger Voudouris, American singer and songwriter (b. 1954)
2004 – Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer (b. 1908)
2004 – Bob Murphy, American TV and radio broadcaster (b. 1924)
2005 – Fran oise d'Eaubonne, French feminist (b. 1920)
2006 – Arthur Lee, American psychedelic rock singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist (Love) (b. 1945)
2006 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born British opera singer (b. 1915)
2007 – John Gardner, British author (b. 1926)
2008 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer (b. 1918)
2008 – Skip Caray, American TV and radio broadcaster (b. 1939)
2008 – Erik Darling, American folk singer-songwriter (b. 1933)
2009 – Nikolaos Makarezos, Greek Army officer, member of the military junta of 1967 1974 (b. 1919)
2011 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (b. 1945)